1.获取GET参数

1.1 方法列表

方法名 描述
(r *Request) ParseForm() error 判断是否解析传参时出错
(r *Request) FormValue(key string) string 接收指定key的参数值

1.2 使用示例

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// 服务端代码
package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/login", login)
    _ = http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
}
func login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // 判断参数是否是Get请求,并且参数解析正常
    if r.Method == "GET" && r.ParseForm() == nil {
        // 接收参数
        userName := r.FormValue("userName")
        fmt.Printf("userName: %s \n", userName)
        passWord := r.FormValue("passWord")
        fmt.Printf("passWord: %s \n", passWord)
        if userName == "" || passWord == "" {
            w.Write([]byte("用户名或密码不能为空"))
        }
        if userName == "admin" && passWord == "1234" {
            w.Write([]byte("登录成功!"))
        } else {
            w.Write([]byte("用户名或密码错误!"))
        }
    }
}

2.获取POST参数

2.1 接收POST参数分以下两种情况

  • 普通的Post表单: Content-Type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  • 有文件上传的Post表单: Content-Type=multipart/form-data

2.2 普通的Post表单(r.PostFormValue)

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// 服务端代码
package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/login", login)
    _ = http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
}
// 登录
func login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    if r.Method == "POST" && r.ParseForm() == nil {
        // 接收post参数
        userName := r.PostFormValue("userName")
        fmt.Printf("userName: %s \n", userName)
        passWord := r.PostFormValue("passWord")
        fmt.Printf("passWord: %s \n", passWord)
        if userName == "" || passWord == "" {
            w.Write([]byte("用户名或密码不能为空"))
            return
        }
        if userName == "admin" && passWord == "1234" {
            w.Write([]byte("登录成功!"))
            return
        }
        w.Write([]byte("用户名或密码错误!"))
    } else {
        w.Write([]byte("当前接口,仅支持POST请求!"))
    }
    return
}

2.3 有文件上传的Post表单(r.FormFile)

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package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "path"
)
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/upload", upload)
    _ = http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
}
// 上传文件
func upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    if r.Method == "POST" && r.ParseForm() == nil {
        // 接收上传文件的参数
        formFile, fileHeader, err := r.FormFile("file")
        if formFile == nil {
            http.Error(w,"上传的文件不能为空!",http.StatusInternalServerError)
            return
        }
        if err != nil {
            http.Error(w,err.Error(),http.StatusInternalServerError)
            return
        }
        // 延迟关闭文件
        defer formFile.Close()
        // 获取上传文件的名称
        filename := fileHeader.Filename
        fmt.Printf("文件名称: %s \n",filename)
        // 获取文件的后缀
        ext := path.Ext(filename)
        fmt.Printf("文件后缀: %s \n",ext)
        // 创建新文件,如果同名文件存在,则会清空
        pathName := "public/img"
        if !pathExist(pathName) {
            err := os.MkdirAll(pathName, os.ModePerm)
            if err != nil {
                http.Error(w,"创建目录失败: "+ err.Error(),http.StatusInternalServerError)
                return
            }
        }
        newFile, err := os.Create(pathName +"/"+ filename)
        if err != nil {
            http.Error(w,"创建文件失败: "+ err.Error(),http.StatusInternalServerError)
            return
        }
        defer newFile.Close()
        // 将formFile复制到newFile,从而实现上传的功能
        written, err := io.Copy(newFile, formFile)
        fmt.Printf("上传结果: %d \n",written)
        if err != nil {
            http.Error(w,"文件上传失败: "+ err.Error(),http.StatusInternalServerError)
            return
        }
        w.Write([]byte("文件上传成功!"))
    }
    return
}
// 判断目录是否存在
func pathExist(path string) bool  {
    _, err := os.Stat(path)
    if err != nil {
        if os.IsExist(err) {
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
    return true
}

运行结果

image-20210106172843665

image-20210106172900613

3.获取Cookie中的值

3.1 cookie的数据结构

Cookie是一个结构体,其中有Cookie的名和值、domain、过期时间等信息,具体定义方式如下所示:

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type Cookie struct {
    Name  string // 变量名
    Value string // 变量值
    Path       string    // 设置访问哪些路径,应该携带这个cookie,不设置则代表所有
    Domain     string    // 设置访问域名范围的主机时,应该携带这个cookie,不设置则代表所有
    Expires    time.Time // 一个时间值,代表什么时候过期
    RawExpires string    // for reading cookies only
    MaxAge   int //用来设置过期,为负数或等于0表示立即过期,大于0表示过多少秒之后过期
    Secure   bool
    HttpOnly bool
    SameSite SameSite
    Raw      string
    Unparsed []string // Raw text of unparsed attribute-value pairs
}

3.2 使用示例

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package main
import (
    "encoding/base64"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/setCookie", setCookie)
    http.HandleFunc("/getCookie", getCookie)
    _ = http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
}

// 设置cookie中的值
func setCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)  {
    cookie1 := http.Cookie{
        Name:   "uid",
        Value:  "10001",
        MaxAge: 3600, //一小时后过期
    }
    name := base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("张三"))
    cookie2 := http.Cookie{
        Name:   "name",
        Value:  name,
        MaxAge: 3600, //一小时后过期
    }
    http.SetCookie(w,&cookie1)
    http.SetCookie(w,&cookie2)
    w.Write([]byte("cookie已设置!"))
}
// 获取cookie中的值
func getCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    key := r.FormValue("key")
    if key == "" {
        http.Error(w,"key不能为空!",http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
    cookie, err := r.Cookie(key)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w,"获取失败: " + err.Error(),http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
    result := make([]string,2)
    result[0] = cookie.Value
    decodeString, _ := base64.URLEncoding.DecodeString(cookie.Value)
    result[1] = string(decodeString)
    fmt.Println(result)
    w.Write([]byte("cookie已获取!"))
}